tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81775152345010768352024-03-14T00:19:16.776-05:00Fayetteville, ArkansasAnything you want to discuss about Fayetteville, Arkansas.aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.comBlogger285125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-65051465936267219912014-07-02T20:37:00.002-05:002014-07-02T20:37:34.241-05:00Senator Mark Pryor speaks in Fayetteville, Arkansas, on 2 July 2014Mark Pryor's <a href="http://youtu.be/8oCWsrnxlmA">speech 2 July 2014</a>, in Fayetteville.aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-73304303296967106582014-01-30T10:51:00.002-06:002014-01-30T10:51:29.704-06:00Riparian-zone protection ordinance map needs to be expanded not contractedStream-side protection <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqHthIMZfVU&feature=share&list=UUwcZunxqSV3zcgvRJqBn-Qw&index=5">ordinance under siege</a>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-56986873404477030582013-09-06T08:02:00.005-05:002013-09-06T08:02:55.465-05:00Patricia May's obituary as it appeared in Demozette<br />
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<a href="http://www.nwaonline.com/places/holt-memorial-chapel-harrison/" style="color: #3c6089; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Holt Memorial Chapel</a></h4>
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1904 Capps Road, Harrison, AR</div>
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Patricia Ann May</h1>
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<a href="http://www.nwaonline.com/obituaries/city/?city=Fayetteville,%20AR" style="color: #3c6089; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Fayetteville, AR</a></h2>
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1957 - 2013</h2>
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Published: <a href="http://www.nwaonline.com/obituaries/2013/Sep/5/" style="color: #3c6089; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">September 5, 2013</a></h2>
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Patricia Ann May, 55, of Fayetteville, died on September 2, 2013 in Harrison, Ark. She was born November 11, 1957 in Fayetteville, the daughter of William Richard and Ann May.</div>
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Visitation will be from 6 to 8 p.m. Friday, September 6 at Holt Memorial Chapel in Harrison. Funeral Mass will be at 10 a.m. Saturday, September 7 at Mary Mother of God Catholic Church in Harrison. Father Jim Fanrak will officiate. Rosary prayer service will begin at 9:30 a.m. before the Mass. Burial will be in the Mary Mother of God Catholic Cemetery. Pallbearers are Michael May, Ryan May, Smyth May, Ryan Smith, Joe Smith, and Joe Koenig.</div>
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Patricia was a 1976 graduate of Harrison High School and a 1980 graduate of the University of Arkansas with a Bachelor's Degree in Journalism. In 1988 she earned a Master's Degree from Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.</div>
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She was a Category Manager and Market Analyst for Church and Dwight Co. She had previously worked as a Market Analyst in the Walmart vendor community for Procter and Gamble, Clorox Company, and AC Nielsen. Before her business career, Patricia was a journalist who served as an editor and reporter for several publications. She was a reporter for the The Springdale News and the Northwest Arkansas Times in the 1980s. While she pursued her graduate studies at Northwestern, she was a reporter for American Banker in Chicago and Washington. Upon returning to Arkansas, she was a business reporter for the Arkansas Gazette in Little Rock and Fayetteville and The Morning News in Springdale. She was also executive editor of the Northwest Arkansas Business Journal. During her years working in the Walmart vendor community she continued freelance writing for the Arkansas Catholic.</div>
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Throughout her various positions in these companies, Patricia was a friend and encourager to so many people. Her circle of friends is vast. She had a unique gift that enabled her to personally encourage people to be their best and always reach to achieve their dreams. She was a member of St. Raphael's Catholic Church in Springdale, Ark.</div>
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Preceding her in death were her grandparents, William Smyth and Delcie May and Hattie Davis May, and Pascquale and Mary Agresti; uncles Ralph May and Billy Joe Smith; and a cousin, Chris Smith. Survivors include her parents, of Harrison; two brothers, Bill and wife Dee May, of Bentonville, and Robert and wife Leslie May, of Chonburi, Thailand; three nephews, Michael and wife Alyssa May, of Springdale, Ryan and wife Lacye May, of Oklahoma City, and Smyth May, of Seattle, WA; three nieces, Elizabeth May, of Bella Vista, Chloe May and Lillian May, of Chonburi, Thailand; two aunts, Marie Agresti, of Cranston, R.I.; and Margaret Dickens and her husband Ray, of Harrison; and many cousins, friends, and work colleagues.</div>
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Memorials may be made to Hospice of the Hills, 501 E. Sherman, Harrison, Ark. 72601. Condolences can be left at <a href="http://www.holtchapel.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3c6089; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">www.holtchapel.com</a>.</div>
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aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-33928159503563436492013-05-08T07:26:00.001-05:002013-05-08T07:26:23.505-05:00Park board meeting May 6, 2013http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVZ38uOs7kE&feature=share&list=UUwcZunxqSV3zcgvRJqBn-Qw<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVZ38uOs7kE&feature=share&list=UUwcZunxqSV3zcgvRJqBn-Qw">Park board video May 6 2013</a>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-57331299533796328082012-12-02T14:20:00.001-06:002012-12-02T14:20:39.271-06:00aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-47606314935109457972012-07-07T21:44:00.003-05:002012-07-07T21:45:53.807-05:00Lee Tomboulian and Walter Savage headliners at Legacy Blues on July 7, 2012<br />
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<br />aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-23496682887864831982012-03-24T13:25:00.002-05:002012-03-24T13:25:53.473-05:00Mayor of Fayetteville AR announces intention to run for re-election at 2 p.m. on the Fayetteville Square near the entrance to the Old Post Office: Everyone invited!<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px;">The Mayor is announcing to run for re-election TODAY, and if you want a short fun event to see friends, catch some sun, and enjoy the downtown square, I hope you will come out - today 2 pm, on the square just outside the Old Post Office! I think Lioneld has done a great job, I hope to see you there!</span>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-12198527189959571602012-01-27T21:01:00.000-06:002012-01-27T21:01:38.668-06:00Bill Harrison's latest book drew admiring crowd to Nightbird Books on January 27, 2012Please click on image to ENLARGE:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUoVcM-7VtR0M3irMx7b4FEumizA8GmPwvtB5FSY58zBTxiqefzYlKMZIKCKTAqEDH-UxHBeHX-YBAdxdtLrpxIeqtFikhANKIOf1KlOtgh-UpXQCwMf83-9Cmy0GYQFdgowsKnJkP4k/s1600/Black+August+BillHarrison.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUoVcM-7VtR0M3irMx7b4FEumizA8GmPwvtB5FSY58zBTxiqefzYlKMZIKCKTAqEDH-UxHBeHX-YBAdxdtLrpxIeqtFikhANKIOf1KlOtgh-UpXQCwMf83-9Cmy0GYQFdgowsKnJkP4k/s640/Black+August+BillHarrison.jpg" width="412" /></a></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-69215533691220567922012-01-25T10:46:00.000-06:002012-01-25T10:46:09.155-06:00Bill Harrison and his new book, Black August, to be at Nightbird Books 6 to 9 p.m. Friday, January 27, 2012<div id="text_caption">William Neal Harrison</div><div id="main_nav_container"><ul id="main_nav_list"><li><a class="main_nav_item" href="http://www.authorwilliamharrison.com/1.html" shape="rect">Home</a></li>
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</ul></div><div id="sub_container2"><div class="content" id="content_container"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 18px;">CURRENT PROJECT</span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">BLACK AUGUST, a mystery set in Lake Como, Italy, and Austin, Texas, appears in 2012.</span></span></span></strong></div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> He and his friends were on Lake Como again.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> They had been coming to the Villa Cappaletti for seven years. A few spats had occurred, but the six men remained compatible -- five of the six played golf together -- and they were all resilient, good humored, and with considerable energies as they drifted into their middle years.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> Yet they really didn't know each other.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> That summer Harry took an interest in their relationships as he hadn't done before. It was as if he had waked up from a long sleep to study them. Men, he usually supposed, thought in terms of projects -- with a few impersonal stories told to one another along the way -- while women were more often the ones who analyzed interactions and fretted over who thought what about whom. But then Harry began to think about them, the men and women alike. Among other revelations, he found that he didn't completely know his own wife.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> All of this because of the August murders.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> Each August for years and years, he learned during this visit, some child went missing around the lake. Sometimes the body was quickly discovered, sometimes not. They were little girls around eight or nine years old.</span><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><br style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;" /><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> This was the summer Harry began to suspect that one of his own group might be responsible.</span></div><div class="content" id="content_container"><br />
<div data-referrer="pagelet_event_details" id="pagelet_event_details"><div class="fbEventInfo uiBoxWhite topborder"><ul class="uiList"><li class="uiListItem uiListLight uiListVerticalItemBorder"><ul class="uiList uiListHorizontal clearfix"><li class="prs uiListItem uiListLight uiListHorizontalItemBorder uiListHorizontalItem"><div class="clearfix pvm prm"><div class="fbInfoIcon lfloat"><i class="img sp_8fc0w4 sx_c34200" title="When"><u>When</u></i></div><div class="lfloat">Friday</div></div></li>
<li class="pls uiListItem uiListLight uiListHorizontalItemBorder uiListHorizontalItem"><div class="clearfix pvm"><div class="fbInfoIcon lfloat"><i class="img sp_8fc0w4 sx_7ded18" title="Time"><u>Time</u></i></div><div class="lfloat fsm fwn fcg"><span class="fcb">6:00pm</span> until <span class="fcb">9:00pm</span></div></div></li>
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<tr><td class="vTop"><div class="fbInfoIcon fbDescriptionIcon"><i class="img sp_8fc0w4 sx_2b1ab9" title="Description"><u>Description</u></i></div></td><td class="vTop"><div class="text_exposed_root text_exposed" id="id_4f202ed6374442f12507636">On the occasion of the publication of his latest book, BLACK AUGUST there will be an old fashioned LITERARY DISCUSSION with William Harrison at NIGHTBIRD BOOKS. Bill (who doesn't do readings) will talk about what kinds of books he reads and why and you'll be asked to do t<span class="text_exposed_hide">...</span><span class="text_exposed_show">he same. (Bill intends to limit his remarks to nine sentences and suggests that's probably enough for anybody.)<br />
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Coffee is free and other concoctions and beer are available. So is BLACK AUGUST, a classical mystery set at Lake Como in Italy and Lake Travis in Texas. </span><span class="text_exposed_hide"><span class="text_exposed_link"><a href="">See More</a></span></span></div></td></tr>
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoBlCLbeCMhwlI7PEc14gn9rN96ujlHKe0bdI3VywB50k2dKlspywfQUBUZVgrNBqFeKY4o8ZO8LJBNq-vy6CFIOG-Dqu9bRkMJ_-DsTxL78OIGuF6jzrybf3fhd_cWs3P_PZdfrdvXA/s1600/MulhollanBallMuseum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoBlCLbeCMhwlI7PEc14gn9rN96ujlHKe0bdI3VywB50k2dKlspywfQUBUZVgrNBqFeKY4o8ZO8LJBNq-vy6CFIOG-Dqu9bRkMJ_-DsTxL78OIGuF6jzrybf3fhd_cWs3P_PZdfrdvXA/s640/MulhollanBallMuseum.jpg" width="433" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoBlCLbeCMhwlI7PEc14gn9rN96ujlHKe0bdI3VywB50k2dKlspywfQUBUZVgrNBqFeKY4o8ZO8LJBNq-vy6CFIOG-Dqu9bRkMJ_-DsTxL78OIGuF6jzrybf3fhd_cWs3P_PZdfrdvXA/s1600/MulhollanBallMuseum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoBlCLbeCMhwlI7PEc14gn9rN96ujlHKe0bdI3VywB50k2dKlspywfQUBUZVgrNBqFeKY4o8ZO8LJBNq-vy6CFIOG-Dqu9bRkMJ_-DsTxL78OIGuF6jzrybf3fhd_cWs3P_PZdfrdvXA/s400/MulhollanBallMuseum.jpg" width="271" /></a></div><br />
</div></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-67523590800088548402011-12-06T09:06:00.002-06:002011-12-06T09:06:58.481-06:00November 14, 2011, quarterly Mayor's Town Hall meeting video<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/lV4PdTVsc9k" width="640"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-80362280014016795662011-11-27T17:37:00.005-06:002011-11-29T14:37:17.567-06:00Bizarre Art, craft and business Bazaar coming to downtown Fayetteville December 3 & 4, 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on individual images to enlarge.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGY_WZj2rd052ICv7byeHNU3ucw4tCM0An-OO1ab3JUGb3gcuCXJ_e6y628yABCgJcRDY_EtD8n6hJe1NQO6H2hFr2_TJGxpBMg9A-424VI_Ya0qNmMqIyGSAGT7oF65JJcHVuqXAxW2w/s1600/BlockStBizarreCrop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGY_WZj2rd052ICv7byeHNU3ucw4tCM0An-OO1ab3JUGb3gcuCXJ_e6y628yABCgJcRDY_EtD8n6hJe1NQO6H2hFr2_TJGxpBMg9A-424VI_Ya0qNmMqIyGSAGT7oF65JJcHVuqXAxW2w/s400/BlockStBizarreCrop.jpg" width="167" /></a></div><br />
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Ka9h6dvekp4A6w3SdQGRUaCsAVaayTP4AuaZ_GoAA_tE85AlVe8zcAbKm9ATi2fi-2R6kj2wWnX-F4nVpEZB31Q3XFWTavb9SKQZTS1ESJ-wdNWMgpjwmh1w_UJRfyN1RY8oOiNKN6c/s1600/BlockStBazaar+Crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Ka9h6dvekp4A6w3SdQGRUaCsAVaayTP4AuaZ_GoAA_tE85AlVe8zcAbKm9ATi2fi-2R6kj2wWnX-F4nVpEZB31Q3XFWTavb9SKQZTS1ESJ-wdNWMgpjwmh1w_UJRfyN1RY8oOiNKN6c/s400/BlockStBazaar+Crop.jpg" width="362" /></a></div><br />
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on image for easier reading.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgewWJOvERtJrtuJfFDYbn05S_8Y6w9v-taf5156fcafaUD3pI6mlZBUznYqp745ne98TynKrIqPy8IEmNjhVDSWI5QFPucokyQQiUmcHUVZtGLmiRvk-G6StZBMwwGr2SyFWUEArUNY6w/s1600/IMGP0008Art+Bazaar.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgewWJOvERtJrtuJfFDYbn05S_8Y6w9v-taf5156fcafaUD3pI6mlZBUznYqp745ne98TynKrIqPy8IEmNjhVDSWI5QFPucokyQQiUmcHUVZtGLmiRvk-G6StZBMwwGr2SyFWUEArUNY6w/s400/IMGP0008Art+Bazaar.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />
</div></div></div></div></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-42922489152749184192011-11-08T23:33:00.002-06:002011-11-08T23:33:22.720-06:00High water after rain in Northwest Arkansas as seen at confluence of West Fork of the White River and the Town Branch of the West Fork<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/A5yGjEx6l0A" width="640"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-35935225839630714092011-09-28T09:12:00.001-05:002011-09-28T09:22:54.648-05:00Video of Ward Four meeting at 7 p.m. September 26 includes explanation of importance of renewing sales tax by vote on Oct. 11, 2011. See detail below<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Ts7OtWBfxlg?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<h3><br />
Please click on image below to ENLARGE for reading. Click on the enlargement for even easier reading.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhntC0omM3W5YU9zDQhISVXBElVsAFa6x7eu8EemeHcLuKWyBKbdyIc3n_PrJV_YfJFP-i_yJebG3jyyriMK5W1dBfEywApN7M5fg0QSFtlPAa8h1OBC_f2MMaT7Xg6JlPeN3GKSf29KjU/s1600/sales-tax+election+Oct.+11%252C+2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhntC0omM3W5YU9zDQhISVXBElVsAFa6x7eu8EemeHcLuKWyBKbdyIc3n_PrJV_YfJFP-i_yJebG3jyyriMK5W1dBfEywApN7M5fg0QSFtlPAa8h1OBC_f2MMaT7Xg6JlPeN3GKSf29KjU/s400/sales-tax+election+Oct.+11%252C+2011.jpg" width="308" /></a><br />
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Monday, September 26, 2011</h3><br />
<div class="title"><br />
Ward 4 Meeting </div><br />
<div class="owner"><br />
City Clerk</div><br />
<div class="time"><br />
Time: 7:00 PM</div><br />
<div class="location"><br />
Location: Room 111</div></div></div><br />
</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-70734683662270078632011-09-24T09:11:00.002-05:002011-09-24T09:11:17.944-05:00Fayetteville Environmental Action Committee meeting of 15 September 2011<object width="640" height="360"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oqA5BrhRfU8?version=3&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/oqA5BrhRfU8?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-24013892264119446122011-08-25T15:03:00.002-05:002011-08-25T15:03:44.330-05:00Town Branch Neighborhood Association meeting at 6 p.m. Tuesday, August 30, 2011, welcomes everyone who chooses to attend<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><h3 class="post-title entry-title"><a href="http://worldpeacewetlandprairie.blogspot.com/2011/08/town-branch-neighborhood-association.html">to discuss plan for apartment complex adjacent to National Cemetery, streamside-protection ordinance, neighborhood watch, urban wildlife-habitat certification of private property, natural-yard option approved by City Council and anything of importance in our neighborhood and city</a></h3>Please click on individual images to ENLARGE view. Click on enlargement for easy reading.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwGmQU0PMmGFttfo9hIVYG87GNLsb9H-gKh5kSOG4RItL-rKVU5YqycRyJfV9nmNXujEPICNaQ7UwVXgRL9XFYrT6u5ov5INVFeS3oqHcoXn5vxoQ3zvo1DOxQSVDoYLg-2MK0c2p5c0/s1600/DSCN8486Nat+cem+salebarn+Crop.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwGmQU0PMmGFttfo9hIVYG87GNLsb9H-gKh5kSOG4RItL-rKVU5YqycRyJfV9nmNXujEPICNaQ7UwVXgRL9XFYrT6u5ov5INVFeS3oqHcoXn5vxoQ3zvo1DOxQSVDoYLg-2MK0c2p5c0/s400/DSCN8486Nat+cem+salebarn+Crop.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-5zAjn2WkKvW-_USgeTiMQ9pi3ReoAb1rYrI0thL5yR_lxX4U54SufKIsTTYpVaPysoRUeX_dNafLJ2YiUgR1Fw85sVczKGf-qq74C-h0M5QyONlgC8qzHQtivCMoaYZbzYujVon9RcY/s1600/DSCN8484+crop+sign.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-5zAjn2WkKvW-_USgeTiMQ9pi3ReoAb1rYrI0thL5yR_lxX4U54SufKIsTTYpVaPysoRUeX_dNafLJ2YiUgR1Fw85sVczKGf-qq74C-h0M5QyONlgC8qzHQtivCMoaYZbzYujVon9RcY/s400/DSCN8484+crop+sign.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-82837267719590688692011-08-23T16:57:00.000-05:002011-08-23T16:57:03.393-05:00Greg Howe has resigned to take a job in a wonderful place to the northwest. His final meeting of Fayetteville's Tree and Landscape Committee, now known as the Urban Forestry Board<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrV7AY-RDcw?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-31569092135944165382011-08-23T07:33:00.002-05:002011-08-23T07:33:43.051-05:00Blake Pennington elected chairman of the Telecommunication Board on August 18, 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/yVGXOUOm8rQ?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-13707350589560105872011-08-20T20:23:00.000-05:002011-08-20T20:23:14.269-05:00Traditional landscapes suck Energy, Water and Money, says Neil Diboll at The Native Plants in the Landscape Conference<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on individual images to ENLARGE. Click on enlargement for closer view.<br />
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2> « <a href="http://www.millersvillenativeplants.org/2010/03/native-plants/" rel="prev">Welcome to The Native Plants in the Landscape Conference</a></h2><div id="wrapper"><div class="widecolumn" id="content" role="main"><div class="navigation"></div><div class="post-168 post type-post hentry category-uncategorized" id="post-168"><h2>The Future of Gardening by Neil Diboll</h2><div class="entry"><b>The Future of Gardening: Why Going Native is the Answer</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Presented at the 20<sup>th</sup> Millersville Native Plant Conference</b><br />
<b>Millersville, PA</b><br />
<b>June 4, 2010</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>by Neil Diboll</b><br />
<b>Prairie Nursery, Inc.</b><br />
<b>P.O. Box 306</b><br />
<b>Westfield, WI 53964</b><br />
<b><a href="http://www.prairienursery.com/">www.prairienursery.com</a></b><br />
<b>800-476-9453 (800-GRO-WILD)</b><br />
Traditional landscapes suck. They suck Energy, Water, and Money. These three “Future Factors” will determine to a large degree the shape and structure of our landscapes in the coming years.<br />
The old whipping boy, the lawn, indeed deserves a good whipping. It is emblematic of an expensive, unsustainable, energy and chemical hungry landscape that supports few forms of life and consumes valuable resources that could be better invested elsewhere.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Size of the American Lawn</span></b><br />
There are over 50 million acres of lawn in the United States, twice the size of the state of Pennsylvania.<br />
The total American corn crop for 2009 was 86 million acres.<br />
The total American soybean crop for 2009 was 77 million acres.<br />
The total American wheat crop for 2009 was 65 million acres.<br />
Lawn is the fourth largest crop grown in America today.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Water Use by the American Lawn</span></b><br />
Thirty percent of the water consumed on the East Coast of the US goes to watering lawns. Sixty percent of the water used on the West Coast is dedicated to maintaining green lawns, in a region that is facing looming water shortages.<br />
A 1000 square foot lawn requires an average of 10,000 gallons of water per year to maintain in good condition.<br />
One acre of irrigated lawn requires nearly half a million gallons (435,000) of water every year!<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Applied to the American Lawn</span></b><br />
The average lawn receives 10 times as much chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides as the typical farm field, according to a Yale University graduate study.<br />
Over 80 millions pounds of chemical pesticides are applied to American lawns each year according to the USEPA.<br />
More than 70 million tons of chemical fertilizers are applied to American lawns per year.<br />
The USEPA estimates that 40 to 60 percent of the Nitrogen fertilizer applied to lawns ends up in our surface water and groundwater.<br />
Forty four percent of the Nitrogen and 28 percent of the Phosphorus applied in the Mississippi River watershed ends up in the Gulf of Mexico, greatly exacerbating the anoxic “dead zone” that preceded the BP oil spill of 2010.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Solid Waste Created by Lawns</span></b><br />
The EPA also estimates that grass clippings and yard debris account for 20 to 40 percent of the landfill space consumed in America.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Energy Consumption by Lawns</span></b><br />
The amount of energy required to mow and maintain manicured lawns is surprisingly large, and is used in every phase of lawn care:<br />
<b>Mowing:</b> Gasoline or diesel fuel to is required to power riding mowers and most push type rotary mowers. Electricity that powers electric lawn mowers is produced primarily by fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, and by nuclear power plants.<br />
<b>Pesticides:</b> Most herbicides and insecticides are derived from or combined with petroleum-based compounds. Of the 80 million pounds of pesticides applied to lawns in American every year, most are synthesized from oil.<br />
<b>Fertilizers:</b> Fertilizers are applied to lawns in staggering quantities. The energy required to mine and transport the 70 million tons of chemical fertilizers that are dumped on lawns every year is significant. Most Nitrogen fertilizers are produced using the Haber Process, in which Nitrogen in the air is converted into a solid or liquid form that can be readily handled and applied. The Haber Process is extremely energy intensive, and vast quantities of natural gas are consumed to produce nitrogen fertilizer for lawns.<br />
<b>Irrigation:</b> Even watering the lawn consumes energy. Electricity is used to purify water at treatment plants, and to pump water to homes and businesses. The underground plastic pipes that are used in lawn irrigations systems are produced from petrochemicals derived from crude oil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Carbon Footprint of Lawns</span></b><br />
As an energy-dependent landscape, the carbon annual footprint consumption of lawns is high compared to prairies and other natural landscapes that require only occasional mowing, no fertilizers, no irrigation, and few if any pesticides. Prairies release carbon into the atmosphere when burned, and when dead organic matter such as leaves and stems decompose through microbial action. However, these releases are offset by new plant growth which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and incorporates it into new leave, roots, and stems.<br />
The incredibly rich prairie soils of the American Midwest are a result of the accumulation of organic matter in the soil over hundreds and thousands of years. Unlike most forest ecosystems, in which organic matter is sequestered in the upper 12- 18 inches of soil, prairie soils typically exhibit high organic matter content from three to six feet in depth. They also have significantly higher total organic matter content than forest soils. This would indicate that over time, prairies are one of the most efficient plant communities at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and providing long term carbon sequestration in the soil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Economic Costs of Lawn</span></b><br />
Americans spend over $25 billion per year on lawn care (USEPA).<br />
Americans spend over $2 billion per year on lawn and garden chemicals.<br />
A 4000 square foot lawn (1/10 acre) produces an average of 1200 pounds of grass clippings per year. The City of Philadelphia Streets Department reported in 2005 that it costs $75 per year to dispose of this material.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Wildlife and Lawns</span></b><br />
The US EPA estimates that between 60 and 70 millions birds are poisoned annually due to the application of lawn pesticides.<br />
On lawns that receive regular applications of pesticides, 60 to 90 percent of the earthworms in the soil are killed.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Air and Noise Pollution</span></b><br />
In summer months, 5 percent of air pollution is attributable to gas powered lawn and garden equipment (National Vehicle and Fuel Assessment Lab, Ann Arbor, MI)<br />
Per hour of operation, a typical lawnmower emits 10-12 times as much hydrocarbons as an automobile.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Health and Safety</span></b><br />
Of the most commonly used lawn pesticides, 13 are known to cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 11 can interfere with reproduction, and 21 can cause damage to the nervous system. (US EPA)<br />
111,000 Americans are sickened every year due to exposure to pesticides. (US EPA)<br />
Over 230,000 people are treated in the Emergency Room every year for accident related to lawn equipment. (US EPA)<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Time</span></b><br />
The average homeowner spends 40 hours a year mowing his or her lawn – the equivalent of a week’s vacation!<br />
<b>HOW DID WE ARRIVE AT OUR LAWN-DOMINATED LANDSCAPE MODEL?</b><br />
<b>AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW</b><br />
The New World of North America once appeared to be a seemingly inexhaustible resource that held immense promise for the early colonists and settlers. True to their culture, the northern Europeans that swarmed into the vast hinterlands of America created a landscape in the image of their forebears: cut, grazed, plowed, and fenced into submission. The newly broken land yielded great bounty for a growing nation. As the country expanded, the towns and villages took on the names and character of our former homes across the Atlantic: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Gloucester, Berlin, Warsaw, and Rome, to name but a few.<br />
Our goal as a nation and a culture was to tame the wilderness and make it safe for civilization. In so doing, we re-created the Old Country in the New World. As we brought the wilderness under our heel, we took little time to appreciate its unique character and beauty. Most settlers sought bounty, not beauty. In the rush to convert forests and meadows into farms and fields, the flowers mostly went unnoticed. Unplowed, unproductive wild land was a sign of sloth, savagery, and the devil’s work. Indeed, our mandate was to subdue the earth. And subdue it we did.<br />
When our work was finally done, we sat back to take stock of our immense labors, and it appeared that it was good. Mostly. What we had not considered were the terrible losses associated with our great gain. We had gained ascendancy over our young country. In the process, we lost the character of a continent.<br />
Yea, even unto our gardens, we banished the wildflowers and wild things to the far reaches of the countryside and to the corners of our consciousness. And nothing suffered the utter demise and near-total destruction such as that which was visited upon the American Prairie.<br />
The American Prairie: the once-vast kingdom of flowers, grasses, bison and butterflies. This unbelievably rich, unique ecosystem blanketed millions of acres of America’s heartland. These were the flower gardens of North America. Hidden deep underground, among the intertwined roots of a universe of prairie plants, lay the black gold that was to become the currency of the prairie farmer. Here was the inheritance of a million sunny days, hoarded away in the bank account of the prairie soil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Agricultural, the Industrial Revolution, and the Rise of the American Middle Class</span></b><br />
The farmers that tapped into this prairie trust fund found the dividends to be prodigious. No fertilizers were needed to grow bumper crops. The immense yields increased agricultural productivity to levels previously unheard-of, revolutionizing the farmer’s relationship with the land. Now one family could produce food for dozens of others. The day of the subsistence farm was over. Human labor was set free to tend the factory instead of the field. The dawn of the American Industrial Revolution was reflected in the glow of the forge that John Deere used to construct the first sod-busting steel plow in 1836. With the industrial dawn came the sunset of the American Prairie.<br />
The Eastern Tallgrass Prairie of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska was all but obliterated in the span of a few short decades at the close of the nineteenth century. That which was not plowed under was closed in with fences and grazed to the ground by millions of cattle. What were once wide open spaces became food factories and feedlots. Still, we knew not what we had done.<br />
A full century later, we are just beginning to grasp the scope of the loss. The Eastern Tallgrass Prairie is now one of the rarest plant communities in the entire world. Rainforests are commonplace by comparison. Less than 1/10th of 1% of the Tallgrass Prairie remains today. The small refuges where it can be found occur only in small tattered fragments, ripped from the original cloth. Only those pieces that could not be drained, plowed, grazed, or otherwise turned to the service of mankind remain. There was simply no place for wildness in this new American landscape.<br />
The conversion of the New World into the Old Country was complete. All that remained now was to tend the fields and the gardens of plants brought over from Europe, and to make sure that the lawns that replaced that prairie were kept mown and in order.<br />
<b>Order.</b> The watchword of a Puritanical culture that sought to carve structure from the chaos of wilderness. Everything in control. Nothing out of place. Even our gardens reflect this directive. Designs are precise, with each plant in its pre-ordained place, ensconced in a thick bed of bark mulch. The vegetable world must supplicate itself to our omnipotence. Those plants that fail to stay in their assigned seats are branded as weeds, and banished from the garden. And if they should grow wild in nature, how could such peasant plants of common breeding be sufficiently refined to have a place in our gardens?<br />
If the garden is truly the place where people and nature meet, it is almost always the gardener who determines the terms of the meeting. Will the gardeners of the earth choose to work <i>with</i> Nature to create beauty in the landscape? Or will we attempt to overpower her with an arsenal of chemicals, machines, and “maintenance programs?”<br />
We are finally coming to realize that the practice of paying homage to a uniform, idealized landscape of seamlessly interconnected lawns is an illusion. This becomes eminently clear when one realizes that the centerpoint of this landscape is a nearly lifeless, two dimensional expanse of turf, to which we slavishly devote much of our increasingly rare and precious free time. We pour on the chemicals, mow the grass to within an inch of its life, and kill any and all bugs that have the temerity to share the landscape with us. Perhaps most annoying, this national pastime called Lawn Care is really quite expensive.<br />
For many, their lawns are like an addiction. They will pay almost any price to satisfy the cravings. The price is paid in money, time, environmental degradation, and in some cases, one’s health. We have so completely divorced ourselves from Nature that the only connection to the natural world is by watering and mowing their green carpets!<br />
It is indeed a costly divorce from Nature. Enforcement of our unnatural landscapes consumes billions of dollars every year. Lawns, ornamental plantings, and even perennial gardens require constant attention if the desired order is to be maintained. Without intervention by the human hand on a regular basis, these landscapes soon fall victim to the invading hordes of weeds, trees, brambles and vines. Left unguarded, the walls of the domestic garden are stormed by the Vandals and Visigoths of the Vegetable Kingdom. Without the indulgences of their human benefactors, the meeker and fairer plants of the garden are quickly pillaged and displaced by the roving thugs of the plant world.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">History of the American Lawn </span></b><br />
The modern lawn has it origin in the country estates of landed gentry in England in the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries. It was a status symbol of the wealthy, for the working classes typically possessed no land, and could ill afford a lawn eve if they did. With our Anglo-American heritage, we looked to the mother country for our social cues in the 18<sup>th</sup> century as the American middle class emerged during the industrial revolution. The newly wealthy purchased homes and estates and installed lawns as one of their symbols of having “made it.” Lawns quickly became one of the status symbols associated with the new middle and upper classes.<br />
The great American landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmstead, referred to the lawn in the late 18<sup>th</sup> century as “The Great Democratizer” of a newly ascendant nation. Rather than installing fences and barriers between neighboring properties as was common in Europe, Americans had a seamless carpet of green grass unifying their properties, all sharing in the new ethos of a mutual affluence.<br />
The lawn quickly became a socio-economic symbol, denoting order and devotion to a non-economic crop that only those with expendable income could afford. As the middle class in America grew after World War II, the occupants of newly-built suburbs embraced the lawn as one of their icons of success and comfortable living.<br />
The lawn was now cemented into American culture. Woe be unto he who violated the unspoken contract of “keeping up appearances” and allowing one’s turf to “go native” and grow beyond the socially acceptable four inches in height. An un-mowed, unkempt lawn was a sign of slovenliness and anti-social tendencies. Social breakdown and chaos could not be far behind.<br />
This is why the lawn is so ardently defended by so many. It is a symbol of an entire social class and lifestyle. It is far more than a near-lifeless green expanse that requires an inordinate amount of time, money and chemicals to maintain. It embodies the hopes and dreams of average Americans, and symbolizes the triumph or order over entropy. It is a shared middle class bond that transcends politics, religion, and ethnicity. In many communities you are judged by your lawn first, and your character as a human being second. And do not for one minute believe that the first does not influence the second.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Why do we Persist with Our Addiction to Lawns? What About Wildlife?</span></b><br />
1) It’s simple and easy! We know how to do it: Fertilize it, spray it, and mow it!<br />
2) You don’t really have to know anything about plants or gardening to grow and manage a lawn – just follow the directions provided by the purveyors of fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides provide you!<br />
3) Lawn is a cheap fix. Although less costly to install than native landscapes, lawn has a high life cycle cost over a period of many years. Native landscapes typically have low long-term maintenance costs, with lower life cycle costs.<br />
4) Lawns don’t attract bugs or wildlife (except for geese), so you know you and your family will be safe from snakes, vermin, and those annoying insects! So what if insects are the foundation of the food chain, and support a myriad of birds and other desirable creatures. We’ve been brainwashed that bugs are bad, so we have to make sure they don’t inhabit our outdoor living spaces.<br />
5) NO BUGS, NO BIRDS!<br />
6) Everybody says they love Nature, but nobody ever invites her over to their yard.<br />
7) I knew my prairie was a success when I saw Meadow Jumping Mice (<i>Zapus hudsonianus</i>) and Hog Nosed Snakes (<i>Heterodon platirhinos</i>) in it. These creatures provided evidence that I now had a functioning ecosystem, not just a garden. If you like hawks and owls, you better be able to feed them: rodents and reptiles are some of their preferred foods.<br />
<b>WE ARE NOT A NATION OF GARDENERS:</b><br />
<b>WE ARE A NATION OF MOWERS!</b><br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">WHY DO WE CARE WHAT WE PLANT IN OUR GARDENS </span></b><br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AND LANDSCAPES?</span></b><br />
Many of us care deeply about the state of our planet and the loss of biodiversity that is occurring on a global scale. Although we all think globally, most of us can only act locally. Together, we can have an impact in our own gardens and landscapes, as well as those of our friends and neighbors. For those of us in the landscape design business, we can promote sustainable landscapes composed of native plants that require little or no fertilizers, pesticides, watering, or mowing (just burning!). This alone, when compounded over time as more people opt for sustainable landscapes, can have an impact.<br />
The looming question for us today is the on-going loss of biodiversity. Restoring native ecosystems is one way we can help support not just native plants, but also invertebrates such as rare butterflies and moths, bees, wasps, and all manner of the generally unloved lower castes of bugs and creepy crawly things. Yet they are all important, and each has an important place in the web of life.<br />
Homo sapiens, is presently presiding over what is believed to be the Sixth Great Extinction. Although we have yet to reach the catastrophic levels of past extinction events, we are well on our way and showing only a few signs of abatement in our drive to subdue and conquer the earth, as we serve our ever-expanding need for food, fuel, water, and living space.<br />
But does it really matter what we do as individuals? A society is composed of all its individuals, and their actions determine the face of that society. Most of us are working to restore the integrity of native ecosystems because we believe it is the “right” and good thing to do, and that we are “doing it for the planet.” But does it really matter? Does the planet really respect our actions? Or is it all irrelevant?<br />
The Earth has been subjected to massive extinctions in the past, some fairly recent in geological history. The planet has always recovered, with the development of new species and a wealth of new life forms. Nature does indeed abhor a vacuum, and she apparently fills it rapidly. All of the work I am doing on my property to control invasive species and restore native plants will someday be negated by the next advance of the glacier, as unlikely as that may seem at this point in geological and meteorolical history. Of course, my landscape will probably be invaded by garlic muster, buckthorn, honeysuckle and other non-native thugs soon after my demise, unless some equally deranged and determined individual picks up where I leave off.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">SO WHY RESTORE THE PLANET? DOES IT REALLY MATTER?</span></b><br />
If one takes a long-term geological perspective, it doesn’t really matter what we do. Even if we nuke the joint, something will survive and a whole new set of life forms will evolve. Maybe the next sentient beings will be smarter than us, and actually take care of the planet.<br />
<b>We Restore the Earth Because It Is Good for Us!</b><br />
We need a quality of life that includes clean air, clean water, trees, flowers, ferns, birds, and all the wonderful life forms with which we share the planet. We aren’t just preserving habitat and restoring native plant communities out of the goodness of our hearts – Our very economic and psychic survival depend upon it!<br />
We have yet to fully value the economics of a healthy environment. But as the planet is further degraded, the value of high quality living spaces only increases.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">THE BOTTOM LINE:</span></b> Ultimately, our future landscapes will be in large part determined more by economics than ecology. This is an unfortunate consequence of the human condition. As a quality living space becomes more valuable, more value will be placed upon it. We will protect it more diligently. It will sell for a higher price. People will begin to view the natural environment more as an asset, rather than as a resource to be exploited.<br />
All of this will most likely be precipitated by shortages of water, rather than a shortage of oil or other energy source. You can live without oil, but you cannot live without water. As the price of water increases, the incentive to conserve it will increase. We will need landscapes that do not require huge inputs of water and chemicals to sustain them. We will need to overcome our cultural taboos of “messy” natural landscapes and move beyond viewing lawns as status symbols and a rite of passage into the middle and upper classes.<br />
Someday pride of place will belong to those with the least lawn, lowest water bill, and no chemicals in their garages. Society will value those who work to preserve our environment, rather than those who can make the most money by despoiling it. I personally cannot wait much longer for that day to come.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AT A GLANCE:</span></b><br />
<b>TODAY: LAWN</b>, an ecological and economic disaster<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: SUSTAINA LE ECOSYSTEMS</b>, composed of native plant<br />
communities that require little or no fertilizers, pesticides, or irrigation, o<br />
<b>TODAY: MONOCULTURES</b> of mowed lawns<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS</b> that support a wide variety of life<br />
<b>TODAY: FEAR</b> and mistrust of the natural world and its attendant organisms (bugs,<br />
mice, snakes, etc)<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: RE-INTEGRATION </b>of people into nature and an understanding that<br />
everything is connected and interdependent<br />
<b>WE MUST ENTER INTO A <i>JOINT VENTURE WITH NATURE</i></b><b> TO PRESERVE OUR PLANET AND THE SYSTEMS UPON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. </b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>ONLY THEN WILL WE LIVE IN HARMONY WITH OUR FELLOW CREATURES ON THIS PLANET. </b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>OUR QUALITY LIFE AND LONG-TERM SURVIVAL DEPENDS UPON THE SURVIVAL OF THE SYSTEMS AND ORGANISMS THAT SUPPORT US.</b><br />
<div class="postmetadata alt"><small> This entry was posted on Tuesday, April 26th, 2011 at 3:39 pm and is filed under <a href="http://www.millersvillenativeplants.org/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag" title="View all posts in Uncategorized">Uncategorized</a>. You can follow any responses to this entry through the <a href="http://www.millersvillenativeplants.org/2011/04/the-future-of-gardening-by-neil-diboll/feed/">RSS 2.0</a> feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed. </small> </div></div></div></div></div><h2> </h2><h2>University of Vermont Extension<br />
Department of Plant and Soil Science</h2><img height="63" src="http://www.uvm.edu/pss/ppp/articles/gmglogo.jpg" width="352" /><b> Summer News Article</b> <br />
<img height="5" src="http://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/greenline.gif" width="100%" /> <b>FUEL-EFFICIENT LAWNS AND LANDSCAPES</b> <br />
Dr. Leonard Perry, Extension Professor <br />
University of Vermont <br />
With the price of gasoline and natural gas on the rise, most are looking for ways to cut their costs and save energy. If you have a lawn or garden, you may not realize just how much fossil fuels you are using. By knowing where these are used, you can look for ways to reduce consumption. This will reduce your costs, and help the environment. <br />
In a recent PPPro online newsletter Paul Tukey, editor of People, Places and Plants magazine, provides some sobering facts and helpful suggestions. Each year, a family with a one-third acre lawn will on average: <br />
*consume five gallons of gas for mowing and trimming; <br />
*apply the equivalent of seven gallons for fertilizing; <br />
*burn up to five gallons for watering; and <br />
*consume an additional gallon for cleanup. <br />
That’s 18 gallons of fuel per household. With 120 million U.S. households, that’s the equivalent of almost 2.2 billion gallons of fuel used just for lawn care each year. This does not count other landscaping activities. So just how do we use so much? <br />
Yale University has estimated that the United States uses more than 600 million gallons of gas to mow and trim lawns each year — about two gallons of gas for every man, woman and child, or five gallons per household. Mowers also consume engine oil in their crankcases, and two-stroke mowers consume oil in their fuel. <br />
In addition to fuel consumption, mowers and outdoor power equipment contribute heavily to air pollution. Operating a typical (4 HP) gasoline-powered lawnmower for one hour produces as much smog-forming hydrocarbons as driving an average car between 100 and 200 miles under average conditions. Gasoline-powered string trimmers are actually more polluting than many lawn mowers. One estimate (mindfully.org) states that “the 20,000,000 small engines sold in the U.S. each year contribute about one tenth of the total U.S. mobile source hydrocarbon emissions, and are the largest single contributor to these non-road emissions.” These include power blowers, rakes, and brooms. <br />
Creating synthetic nitrogen for fertilizers requires the heating of natural gas to combine atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. The amount of natural gas required to make approximately 200 bags of lawn fertilizer would heat your home for a year. Each 40-pound bag contains the fossil-fuel equivalent of approximately 2.5 gallons of gasoline. Transporting these bags of fertilizer from the factory and to your home requires additional fuel. <br />
According to a California study, in many areas — especially in the West, where water must be moved great distances from reservoirs — the amount of fuel needed to pump the water is at least equal to the fuel used in mowing. <br />
<br />
So what can you do? Here are ten tips to have a “fuel-efficient” landscape. <br />
*Use an electric or non-powered push mower. An electric mower maintaining one-third of an acre for a season consumes only $3 of electricity on average. Electric mowers are 75 percent quieter than gas mowers. Push mowers, of course, consume no fuel and make little noise. <br />
*Similarly, use traditional hand rakes and brooms instead of power ones and blowers to save fuel, and at the same time reduce air and noise pollution. If you employ a landscape maintenance firm, encourage their use of these too. Minimize the need for string trimmers. Mulch along walks and around structures such as lamp posts to avoid having to trim weeds in these areas. <br />
*If you have an old mower, consider replacing it. Newer small engines run much cleaner. EPA emission standards for such engines, to be in effect by 2007, are expected to reduce ground-level ozone emissions by 70 percent or 350,000 tons each year. <br />
*Reduce the area mowed through use of groundcovers. This is especially true in areas with water shortages. Allow parts of large areas to grow, only mowing once or twice a season, creating a natural meadow. You can still mow areas near drives and homes to maintain the more formal manicured effects in such highly visible and high traffic areas. <br />
*Save rainwater and gray water. Gray water is that water from home use, except from toilets, and can make up from 50 to 80 percent of home waste water. It comes from sinks, showers, and laundry and can be used for irrigating landscapes and lawns. <br />
*Water deeply once per week on average, rather than frequently. Drip irrigation and mulches also conserve water. Using less water saves on energy use, whether you’re buying water that has to be pumped, or are paying an electric bill to pump your own. <br />
*Use natural, organic fertilizers not derived from fossil fuels. <br />
*Recycle grass clippings, mow higher and mix 5 percent clover into your lawn seed. All these help recycle nutrients back into the soil. Mulching-type mowers allow you to leave grass clippings on the lawn. If you don’t have such a mower, and remove the clippings, add them to compost or use them to mulch gardens. <br />
*Compost all yard wastes, except for diseased plants and plant parts. They can go into compost piles, saving gasoline hauling such to landfills and recycle centers. If your landscape generates many twigs and other brush, consider buying or renting a home-size brush chipper. <br />
*Finally, consider landscaping to reduce up to 25 percent of home energy consumption. Foundation plantings can lessen heat loss from buildings. Evergreen windbreaks can reduce heating costs in winter in windy areas. Deciduous shade trees can reduce energy needs for cooling in summer. According to the Department of Energy, only three properly placed trees may <br />
<br />
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<tr> <td width="112"></td> <td width="142"></td> <td align="right" width="293"><span style="color: #663333; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">What to do with a Lawn</span></td> <td><img height="26" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dandbo.gif" width="33" /></td> </tr>
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<tr align="left"> <td><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/gardening.htm"><span style="color: #006600;"><b><span style="color: #003300; font-size: xx-small;">THIS ZONE</span></b></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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<tr> <td><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> <div align="center"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <i><img align="right" height="205" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/pulturf.jpg" width="185" />"You can't learn much from a lawn,<br />
but a garden has a whole world of wonders." </i> </span> <br />
<br />
</div><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>history</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="283" /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
Lawns started out as grazing areas around the manors of the landed gentry. Having a nice lawn around the house was a sign of power as you owned sufficient land to raise sheep and cow.<br />
As the industrial revolution took hold and animals were less a sign of wealth, the lawn itself became the status symbol. You could indulge yourself in sparing land and time to recreational grounds.<br />
As people moved to the cities so did the grass, on ever smaller plots. First lawns were cut by hand and later with the mechanical lawnmower, (an automated, resource depleting, pointless cow.)<br />
The 20th Century saw an explosion of lawn making as commercial interests produced endless grass seed, fertiliser, pesticides, mowers, spreaders and irrigation equipment whilst developers discovered they could pass off cheap ‘gardens’ by spreading 3 inches of soil over hard subsoil and laying turf on top.<br />
Nowerdays, many lawns are rarely used and some are so covered with chemicals children have been permanently injured after walking barefoot on them.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#1">[1]</a> </span><br />
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<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>the modern lawn - a waste of resources</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
The modern pure grass lawn is artificial... you need effort and chemicals to maintain a monoculture. </span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">
<li> Misuse and the inherent toxicity of standard pesticides cause short and long term poisoning, cancer and disease in people and wildlife. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#a">[a]</a></li>
<li>Extensive use and overuse of fertilisers (due to lack of restrictions) causes water pollution problems and wastes resources. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#b">[b]</a> </li>
<li> Endless summer irrigation to keep lawns green wastes massive amounts of water and depletes water tables. <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#c"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[c]</span></a></span></li>
<li>Lawnmowers, strimmers and other lawn machinery unregulated for environmental emissions, use vast amounts of petrol and are a significant factor in urban air and noise pollution. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#d">[d]</a></li>
</span></ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> The lawn is the worlds third agriculture. It is probable that westerners spend more person hours, energy and resources on their lawns than any agricultural resource of the third world.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> <br />
<br />
</span> <br />
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr bgcolor="#e9e0d9"> <td><div align="center"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>In the early 1990’s in the United States…</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>$ 25 billion</b></span> a year was spent on lawn care products.<br />
Of this,<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>$ 5,250 million</b></span> was spent on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers and...<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> $ 700 million</span></b> was spent on 28 million kgs of poisonous synthetic pesticides.<br />
<br />
<b>Meanwhile<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 20 million acres</span></b> were planted in residential lawns <br />
and the average city sprayed its lawns with <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>30 </b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">to</span><b> 60 %</b></span> of its fresh water supply.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></div></td> </tr>
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The lawn is a green desert. Adoption of a monoculture for a garden drastically reduces the habitats available for wildlife. Birds, bees, butterflies and other animals all begin to disappear. Often leaving an unstable ecosystem where common ‘pest’ species seem to flourish.<br />
</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="alt"></a> <br />
<div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>alternatives<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
Aside from keeping animals or ripping up the turf to plant trees and bushes, build vegetable beds, a pond or a greenhouse there are many things you can do to keep the same purpose of a lawn whilst adding diversity and removing chemical and mechanical dependence. (Unless the area you have is subject to heavy traffic and abuse, where turf is probably the most suitable thing to use.) If you just want somewhere to sit, try making a bench a focal point of your garden. <br />
Lawns can be made more edible, medicinal, beautiful and nice smelling by adding low growing aromatic herbs and flowers. The plants below have been specially selected because they will tolerate at least infrequent mowings. For best results don’t cut as often or as short as a normal lawn and try to lay off for at least 3 weeks in the summer to let the taller plants flower and set seed. You could try sowing them into small gaps in the grass or better still plant them out. For low maintenance choose plants that will like your local conditions.<br />
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<tr> <td valign="top" width="112"><img height="100" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dot.gif" width="3" /><br />
<img alt="White clover flower" height="130" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/whiteclover.gif" width="112" /></td> <td width="468"><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>lively lawns </b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Apart from the obvious <b>dandelions</b> (Taraxacum officinale), <b>daisy</b> (Bellis perennis) and <b>plantains</b> (Plantago major, plantago media) which are all excellent in lawns, freely self seed, add variety and can also be eaten once you get past seeing them just as ‘weeds,’ try…</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>White Clover</b>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>: 10cm H, spreads, adds nitrogen to the soil, attracts bees and butterflies. You can eat the flowers and leaves, (bit fiddly though)</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Camomile</b>, <i>Chamaemelum nobile</i>: 15cm H 30cm W, <i>Plants for a future</i>[<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#9">9</a>] recommend for smell but not for medicine, (no flowers), a cultivar called ‘<i>Treneague</i>’ which is low growing, spreads and will succeed if the grass is cut low and often, however you'll have to find a cutting, there are no seeds.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Wild thyme</b>, <i>Thymus serpyllum</i>: 10cm H 30cm W Forms spreading clumps, pink flowers attract bees in summer, drought tolerant, needs sun. High in antioxidants and an essential kitchen herb.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Lemon thyme</b>, <i>Thymus x citiodorus</i>: 10cm H 30cm W. Likes light well drained soil and full sun, can be planted by division.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Coltsfoot</b>, <i>Tussilago farfara</i>: 25cm H, spreads invasively. Tolerates shade, does well in all soils, flowers edible mar-apr, leaves appear afterwards, used for treatment of respiratory problems.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Rough Hawkbit</b>, <i>Leontodon hispidus</i>: 40cm H 30cm W. Similar to dandelion, prefers chalky soil, flowers all summer, attracts bees & butterflies, edible leaves most of the year.<br />
</span> </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Self heal" height="177" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/prunella.gif" width="110" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Salad burnet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">, <i>Sanguisorba minor</i>: 55cm H 30cm W. Prefers chalky soil and slightly longer grass, flowers May-Aug and provides edible young leaves all year round. </span> <br />
<div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Self Heal</b>, <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>: 15cm H spreading to form clumps 30cm W. Prefers moist soil, tolerates low cutting and shade, flowers mid to late summer, attracts bees & butterflies, eaten in salads and an healing herb for cuts and wounds.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Yarrow</b>, <i>Achillea millefolium</i>: upto 60cm H spreads, hardy, drought resistant, good in poor soils, and a very useful medicinal herb. <br />
</span></div><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>beautiful bulbs<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> By lengthening the time between mowings you can also grow taller plants such as bulbs. Planted surreptitiously they are a nice surprise. All below are edible and most spread naturally. It is advisable to plant bulbs of similar flowering times together to make any lawn maintenance more straightforward.<br />
<br />
<b>Field</b> & <b>Crow garlic</b>, <i>Allium oleraceum</i> & <i>A. vineale</i>: 60cm H, 5cm W. Both almost invasive in grass if left to form bulbils in jul-aug, tolerant of mowing, leaves edible autumn to following summer. If cows eat them, their milk is tainted.<br />
<br />
<b>Quamash</b>, <i>Camassia quamash</i>: 50cm H 10cm W. Does well in short grass and under trees, flowers late spring, very edible bulbs when cooked.</span><br />
<br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Tassel hyacinth" height="165" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/hyacinth.gif" width="111" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dog's Tooth Violet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">, <i>Erythronium den-canis</i>: 15cm H 10cm W. appears in spring for a few months each year. bulbs edible raw or cooked, also try <i>E. revoltum</i> 'pagoda' for a bigger, version.<br />
<br />
<b>Tassel Hyacinth</b>, <i>Muscari botryoides</i>: 40cm H clumps 20cm W. Easy to grow, does well in short grass, almost invasive, 3.5cm bulbs edible, but a little bitter.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Or for beauty, there are many other bulbs, such as <b>daffodils</b>, <b>bluebells</b>, <b>crocus</b> etc that can be planted into the lawn. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span> <br />
<div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>wonderful wildflowers<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Perhaps you could turn some of your lawn into a ‘wildflower meadow’. This will attract butterflies and insects as well as bringing nature a bit closer to home. Choose a sunny position on poor soil to get the most flowers. Mow only after the seeds have set (around August) and remove the clippings to keep fertility low.<br />
Sow a mix of wild flowers into bare earth, or if grass is already established, grow in pots and plant out in Autumn or Spring, this is more work but gets better results. Most of the above taller lawn plants will do well as these edible ones below...<br />
<br />
<b>Meadowsweet</b>, <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i>: 120cm H. Likes moist rich soil non acid soils, a useful medicinal and culinary herb.<br />
<br />
<b>Sheep sorrel</b>, <i>Rumex acetosella</i>: 30cm H. prefers suny and moist spot, sharp edible salad leaves all year round.<br />
<br />
<b>Red clover</b>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>: 60cm H. attracts butterflies, moths and bees, put round apple trees for better fruit, edible leaves, fixes nitrogen.<br />
<br />
Alternatively you could purchase a conservation wildflower mix from a local supplier, you won't be able to eat them though.<br />
<br />
For some more lawn fun see the <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/urbanplants.htm#turf">guerrilla gardening pages</a>.<br />
<b><br />
Notes</b><br />
<br />
</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="a"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[a]</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Many pesticides have never been adequately tested for toxicity to humans or wildlife. According to the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, 13 of the most commonly used lawn care pesticides can cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 21 can damage the nervous system, 15 can injure the liver or kidney, and 30 are sensitizers or irritants. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> The pesticide MCPA, used as an ingredient is some lawn pesticides, has been found to damage the blood brain barrier which protects against neurological illness.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#4">[4]</a> Organophosphate pesticides have been shown to cause memory loss and short attention spans.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#5">[5]</a> Other studies have linked long term pesticide use with prostate<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#6">[6]</a>, brain and lung cancer.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#7">[7]</a> It is estimated that each year in the US, 67 million birds are poisoned by legally used pesticides.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> Pesticides are often misused especially by homeowners, increasing the risks.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="b"></a><b>[b]</b> Fertiliser is often over applied, causing runoff problems in nearby watercourses, as well as the obvious waste of fossil fuels in its manufacture and transport.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="c"></a><b>[c]</b> It is estimated that 44% of domestic water consumption in California is used for lawns<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> In many areas ground water tables are being depleted. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="d"></a><b>[d]</b> The manufacture of garden machinery uses energy, depletes resources and creates pollution as do the engine fumes or the power plants producing the electricity they run on. In the early 90’s it was estimated that 580,000,000 gallons of petrol were used to run lawnmowers in the US every year.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">References</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="1"></a><b>[1]</b> The Pesticide Scandal, Sayan, Kathyrne, Family Circle 2 April 1991. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="2"></a><b>[2]</b> Redesigning the American Lawn, F. Herbert Bormann, Diana Balmori, Gordon T. Geballe, Yale University Press, 1993<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="3"></a><b>[3]</b> Spring, 1997 edition of The Arlington Environment, Volume Four, Number Four<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="4"></a><b>[4]</b> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 65:23, 1982 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="5"></a><b>[5]</b> Annual Reviews in Public Health, 7:461, 1986<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="6"></a><b>[6]</b> Occupational Environmental Medicine, 56(1):14-21, 1999<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="7"></a><b>[7]</b> Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 71(1), July 1983 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="8"></a><b>[8]</b> Permaculture a designers manual, Bill Mollison, Tagari publications, 1988.<br />
<b><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="9"></a>[9]</b> Plants for a future- edible and useful plants for a healthier world, Ken Fern, Permanent publications, 1997.</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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<tr> <td colspan="2"><img height="40" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/pslogo40b.gif" width="254" /></td> <td align="right"><span style="color: #330000; font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Gardening</b></span></td> <td width="34"><img height="40" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dandtop.GIF" width="33" /></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td width="112"></td> <td width="142"></td> <td align="right" width="293"><span style="color: #663333; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">What to do with a Lawn</span></td> <td><img height="26" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dandbo.gif" width="33" /></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> <div align="center"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <i><img align="right" height="205" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/pulturf.jpg" width="185" />"You can't learn much from a lawn,<br />
but a garden has a whole world of wonders." </i> </span> <br />
<br />
</div><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>history</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="283" /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
Lawns started out as grazing areas around the manors of the landed gentry. Having a nice lawn around the house was a sign of power as you owned sufficient land to raise sheep and cow.<br />
As the industrial revolution took hold and animals were less a sign of wealth, the lawn itself became the status symbol. You could indulge yourself in sparing land and time to recreational grounds.<br />
As people moved to the cities so did the grass, on ever smaller plots. First lawns were cut by hand and later with the mechanical lawnmower, (an automated, resource depleting, pointless cow.)<br />
The 20th Century saw an explosion of lawn making as commercial interests produced endless grass seed, fertiliser, pesticides, mowers, spreaders and irrigation equipment whilst developers discovered they could pass off cheap ‘gardens’ by spreading 3 inches of soil over hard subsoil and laying turf on top.<br />
Nowerdays, many lawns are rarely used and some are so covered with chemicals children have been permanently injured after walking barefoot on them.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#1">[1]</a> </span><br />
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<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>the modern lawn - a waste of resources</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
The modern pure grass lawn is artificial... you need effort and chemicals to maintain a monoculture. </span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">
<li> Misuse and the inherent toxicity of standard pesticides cause short and long term poisoning, cancer and disease in people and wildlife. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#a">[a]</a></li>
<li>Extensive use and overuse of fertilisers (due to lack of restrictions) causes water pollution problems and wastes resources. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#b">[b]</a> </li>
<li> Endless summer irrigation to keep lawns green wastes massive amounts of water and depletes water tables. <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#c"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[c]</span></a></span></li>
<li>Lawnmowers, strimmers and other lawn machinery unregulated for environmental emissions, use vast amounts of petrol and are a significant factor in urban air and noise pollution. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#d">[d]</a></li>
</span></ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> The lawn is the worlds third agriculture. It is probable that westerners spend more person hours, energy and resources on their lawns than any agricultural resource of the third world.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> <br />
<br />
</span> <br />
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<tr bgcolor="#e9e0d9"> <td><div align="center"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>In the early 1990’s in the United States…</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>$ 25 billion</b></span> a year was spent on lawn care products.<br />
Of this,<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>$ 5,250 million</b></span> was spent on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers and...<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> $ 700 million</span></b> was spent on 28 million kgs of poisonous synthetic pesticides.<br />
<br />
<b>Meanwhile<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 20 million acres</span></b> were planted in residential lawns <br />
and the average city sprayed its lawns with <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>30 </b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">to</span><b> 60 %</b></span> of its fresh water supply.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></div></td> </tr>
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The lawn is a green desert. Adoption of a monoculture for a garden drastically reduces the habitats available for wildlife. Birds, bees, butterflies and other animals all begin to disappear. Often leaving an unstable ecosystem where common ‘pest’ species seem to flourish.<br />
</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="alt"></a> <br />
<div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>alternatives<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <br />
Aside from keeping animals or ripping up the turf to plant trees and bushes, build vegetable beds, a pond or a greenhouse there are many things you can do to keep the same purpose of a lawn whilst adding diversity and removing chemical and mechanical dependence. (Unless the area you have is subject to heavy traffic and abuse, where turf is probably the most suitable thing to use.) If you just want somewhere to sit, try making a bench a focal point of your garden. <br />
Lawns can be made more edible, medicinal, beautiful and nice smelling by adding low growing aromatic herbs and flowers. The plants below have been specially selected because they will tolerate at least infrequent mowings. For best results don’t cut as often or as short as a normal lawn and try to lay off for at least 3 weeks in the summer to let the taller plants flower and set seed. You could try sowing them into small gaps in the grass or better still plant them out. For low maintenance choose plants that will like your local conditions.<br />
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<tr> <td valign="top" width="112"><img height="100" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dot.gif" width="3" /><br />
<img alt="White clover flower" height="130" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/whiteclover.gif" width="112" /></td> <td width="468"><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>lively lawns </b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Apart from the obvious <b>dandelions</b> (Taraxacum officinale), <b>daisy</b> (Bellis perennis) and <b>plantains</b> (Plantago major, plantago media) which are all excellent in lawns, freely self seed, add variety and can also be eaten once you get past seeing them just as ‘weeds,’ try…</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>White Clover</b>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>: 10cm H, spreads, adds nitrogen to the soil, attracts bees and butterflies. You can eat the flowers and leaves, (bit fiddly though)</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Camomile</b>, <i>Chamaemelum nobile</i>: 15cm H 30cm W, <i>Plants for a future</i>[<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#9">9</a>] recommend for smell but not for medicine, (no flowers), a cultivar called ‘<i>Treneague</i>’ which is low growing, spreads and will succeed if the grass is cut low and often, however you'll have to find a cutting, there are no seeds.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Wild thyme</b>, <i>Thymus serpyllum</i>: 10cm H 30cm W Forms spreading clumps, pink flowers attract bees in summer, drought tolerant, needs sun. High in antioxidants and an essential kitchen herb.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Lemon thyme</b>, <i>Thymus x citiodorus</i>: 10cm H 30cm W. Likes light well drained soil and full sun, can be planted by division.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Coltsfoot</b>, <i>Tussilago farfara</i>: 25cm H, spreads invasively. Tolerates shade, does well in all soils, flowers edible mar-apr, leaves appear afterwards, used for treatment of respiratory problems.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Rough Hawkbit</b>, <i>Leontodon hispidus</i>: 40cm H 30cm W. Similar to dandelion, prefers chalky soil, flowers all summer, attracts bees & butterflies, edible leaves most of the year.<br />
</span> </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Self heal" height="177" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/prunella.gif" width="110" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Salad burnet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">, <i>Sanguisorba minor</i>: 55cm H 30cm W. Prefers chalky soil and slightly longer grass, flowers May-Aug and provides edible young leaves all year round. </span> <br />
<div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Self Heal</b>, <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>: 15cm H spreading to form clumps 30cm W. Prefers moist soil, tolerates low cutting and shade, flowers mid to late summer, attracts bees & butterflies, eaten in salads and an healing herb for cuts and wounds.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Yarrow</b>, <i>Achillea millefolium</i>: upto 60cm H spreads, hardy, drought resistant, good in poor soils, and a very useful medicinal herb. <br />
</span></div><div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>beautiful bulbs<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> By lengthening the time between mowings you can also grow taller plants such as bulbs. Planted surreptitiously they are a nice surprise. All below are edible and most spread naturally. It is advisable to plant bulbs of similar flowering times together to make any lawn maintenance more straightforward.<br />
<br />
<b>Field</b> & <b>Crow garlic</b>, <i>Allium oleraceum</i> & <i>A. vineale</i>: 60cm H, 5cm W. Both almost invasive in grass if left to form bulbils in jul-aug, tolerant of mowing, leaves edible autumn to following summer. If cows eat them, their milk is tainted.<br />
<br />
<b>Quamash</b>, <i>Camassia quamash</i>: 50cm H 10cm W. Does well in short grass and under trees, flowers late spring, very edible bulbs when cooked.</span><br />
<br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Tassel hyacinth" height="165" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/hyacinth.gif" width="111" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dog's Tooth Violet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">, <i>Erythronium den-canis</i>: 15cm H 10cm W. appears in spring for a few months each year. bulbs edible raw or cooked, also try <i>E. revoltum</i> 'pagoda' for a bigger, version.<br />
<br />
<b>Tassel Hyacinth</b>, <i>Muscari botryoides</i>: 40cm H clumps 20cm W. Easy to grow, does well in short grass, almost invasive, 3.5cm bulbs edible, but a little bitter.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Or for beauty, there are many other bulbs, such as <b>daffodils</b>, <b>bluebells</b>, <b>crocus</b> etc that can be planted into the lawn. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span> <br />
<div align="right"><span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>wonderful wildflowers<br />
</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Perhaps you could turn some of your lawn into a ‘wildflower meadow’. This will attract butterflies and insects as well as bringing nature a bit closer to home. Choose a sunny position on poor soil to get the most flowers. Mow only after the seeds have set (around August) and remove the clippings to keep fertility low.<br />
Sow a mix of wild flowers into bare earth, or if grass is already established, grow in pots and plant out in Autumn or Spring, this is more work but gets better results. Most of the above taller lawn plants will do well as these edible ones below...<br />
<br />
<b>Meadowsweet</b>, <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i>: 120cm H. Likes moist rich soil non acid soils, a useful medicinal and culinary herb.<br />
<br />
<b>Sheep sorrel</b>, <i>Rumex acetosella</i>: 30cm H. prefers suny and moist spot, sharp edible salad leaves all year round.<br />
<br />
<b>Red clover</b>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>: 60cm H. attracts butterflies, moths and bees, put round apple trees for better fruit, edible leaves, fixes nitrogen.<br />
<br />
Alternatively you could purchase a conservation wildflower mix from a local supplier, you won't be able to eat them though.<br />
<br />
For some more lawn fun see the <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/urbanplants.htm#turf">guerrilla gardening pages</a>.<br />
<b><br />
Notes</b><br />
<br />
</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="a"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[a]</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Many pesticides have never been adequately tested for toxicity to humans or wildlife. According to the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, 13 of the most commonly used lawn care pesticides can cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 21 can damage the nervous system, 15 can injure the liver or kidney, and 30 are sensitizers or irritants. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> The pesticide MCPA, used as an ingredient is some lawn pesticides, has been found to damage the blood brain barrier which protects against neurological illness.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#4">[4]</a> Organophosphate pesticides have been shown to cause memory loss and short attention spans.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#5">[5]</a> Other studies have linked long term pesticide use with prostate<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#6">[6]</a>, brain and lung cancer.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#7">[7]</a> It is estimated that each year in the US, 67 million birds are poisoned by legally used pesticides.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> Pesticides are often misused especially by homeowners, increasing the risks.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="b"></a><b>[b]</b> Fertiliser is often over applied, causing runoff problems in nearby watercourses, as well as the obvious waste of fossil fuels in its manufacture and transport.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="c"></a><b>[c]</b> It is estimated that 44% of domestic water consumption in California is used for lawns<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> In many areas ground water tables are being depleted. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="d"></a><b>[d]</b> The manufacture of garden machinery uses energy, depletes resources and creates pollution as do the engine fumes or the power plants producing the electricity they run on. In the early 90’s it was estimated that 580,000,000 gallons of petrol were used to run lawnmowers in the US every year.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">References</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="1"></a><b>[1]</b> The Pesticide Scandal, Sayan, Kathyrne, Family Circle 2 April 1991. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="2"></a><b>[2]</b> Redesigning the American Lawn, F. Herbert Bormann, Diana Balmori, Gordon T. Geballe, Yale University Press, 1993<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="3"></a><b>[3]</b> Spring, 1997 edition of The Arlington Environment, Volume Four, Number Four<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="4"></a><b>[4]</b> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 65:23, 1982 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="5"></a><b>[5]</b> Annual Reviews in Public Health, 7:461, 1986<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="6"></a><b>[6]</b> Occupational Environmental Medicine, 56(1):14-21, 1999<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="7"></a><b>[7]</b> Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 71(1), July 1983 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="8"></a><b>[8]</b> Permaculture a designers manual, Bill Mollison, Tagari publications, 1988.<br />
<b><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="9"></a>[9]</b> Plants for a future- edible and useful plants for a healthier world, Ken Fern, Permanent publications, 1997.</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-58740073592415026002011-08-12T22:23:00.002-05:002011-08-12T22:23:35.487-05:00Next week's shortakes on public-access television previewed on You Tube: See link below<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ItO9ayTmynY" width="480"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-88512725664802851692011-08-05T11:02:00.000-05:002011-08-05T11:02:40.343-05:00Fayetteville Council of Neighborhoods' meeting July 28, 2011, video<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/n7p6cE1BMYQ?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8177515234501076835.post-61874090336300072122011-07-30T21:22:00.000-05:002011-07-30T21:22:28.325-05:00Two five-minute nature videos recorded on 28 July 2011 to be run on Fayetteville Public Television from Monday, August 1, 2011, through Friday, August 5, 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/A9W03ny7Lbk?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0